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Interdisciplinary Sciences
Network Science
1980
Beginner

Metcalfe's Law

V∝n2V \propto n^2

Network value grows as the square of the number of connected users.

By Robert Metcalfe

Interdisciplinary Sciences
Metcalfe's Law
1980 · Robert Metcalfe
Why it matters: Explained dot-com network effects and platform economics.

Discoverers: Robert Metcalfe (1980)

What does it mean?

Network value grows as the square of the number of connected users.

Why should I care?

Explained dot-com network effects and platform economics.

Variables & Units

SymbolNameUnitMeaning
VVNetwork value—Total network utility
nnUsers—Number of connected nodes

Worked Example

Double users → quadruple network value.

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Sources & further reading

Search WikipediaSearch Wolfram MathWorldOpen in Wolfram|AlphaWatch explainers on YouTube

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Equation Universe

Metcalfe's Law

V∝n2V \propto n^2

Real-world impact

Global economy

Quantitative models shape markets and policy.

Photo: Unsplash — financial markets

Network value grows as the square of the number of connected users.

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