Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

\frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{\Delta H_{\text{vap}}}{T \Delta V}

How vapor pressure changes with temperature—steepens with warming.

By Rudolf Clausius, Benoît Clapeyron

Earth System Sciences

1834 · Rudolf Clausius

Why it matters: Explains why warmer air holds more moisture—amplifying climate change.

Discoverers: Rudolf Clausius, Benoît Clapeyron (1834)

What does it mean?

How vapor pressure changes with temperature—steepens with warming.

Explains why warmer air holds more moisture—amplifying climate change.

Symbol	Name	Unit	Meaning
$P$	Pressure	—	Vapor pressure
$T$	Temperature	—	Absolute temperature
$ΔH_vap$	Enthalpy of vaporization	—	Latent heat

~7% more water vapor capacity per °C warming.

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\frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{\Delta H_{\text{vap}}}{T \Delta V}

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Precision agriculture

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How vapor pressure changes with temperature—steepens with warming.

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